1
Sit on the bicycle seat with proper saddle height adjusted so knee is slightly bent at bottom of pedal stroke. Position feet on pedals with the ball of the foot over the pedal axle. Maintain upright posture with hands on handlebars.
2
Grip the handlebars firmly with neutral wrist position. Distribute weight evenly between seat and handlebars. Ensure core is engaged and shoulders are relaxed. Begin pedaling at a controlled cadence.
3
Lower phase: As one leg extends forward and downward, allow the knee to bend slightly during the downward pedal stroke. The opposing leg begins to rise as the pedal moves backward and upward, allowing hip flexion.
4
Upper phase: Drive the pedal forward and downward through hip and knee extension. Push through the ball of the foot while the quadriceps contracts concentrically. Complete the full circular pedal motion and return to starting position. Maintain steady rhythm throughout.